Active Directory Attack Methodology
Rough Table of Contents
1. Initial Enumeration
β
βββ 1.1 Host Enumeration
β βββ OS / Hostname
β βββ Users / Groups
β βββ AV / EDR
β βββ Network Interfaces
β βββ Installed Software
β βββ Running Services
β
βββ 1.2 Domain Enumeration
β βββ Current Domain
β βββ Domain Controllers
β βββ Forest / Trusts
β βββ Password Policy
β βββ DNS
β
βββ 1.3 User Enumeration
β βββ Domain Users
β βββ Service Accounts
β βββ Admin Accounts
β βββ Disabled Users
β βββ Description Fields
β
βββ 1.4 Group Enumeration
β βββ Privileged Groups
β βββ Nested Groups
β βββ Interesting Memberships
β
βββ 1.5 Computer Enumeration
β βββ Workstations
β βββ Servers
β βββ Domain Controllers
β βββ Unconstrained Delegation Hosts
β
βββ 1.6 Session Enumeration
β βββ Logged-On Users
β βββ SMB Sessions
β βββ Admin Sessions
β
βββ 1.7 Share Enumeration
β βββ SMB Shares
β βββ SYSVOL
β βββ NETLOGON
β βββ Sensitive Files
β
βββ 1.8 SPN Enumeration
β βββ Kerberoastable Accounts
β βββ Service Discovery
β
βββ 1.9 ACL Enumeration
β βββ GenericAll
β βββ GenericWrite
β βββ WriteDACL
β βββ WriteOwner
β βββ ForceChangePassword
β
βββ 1.10 GPO Enumeration
β βββ Startup Scripts
β βββ Scheduled Tasks
β βββ Registry Preferences
β βββ GPP Passwords
β
βββ 1.11 Trust Enumeration
β βββ Forest Trusts
β βββ External Trusts
β βββ SID Filtering
β
βββ 1.12 ADCS Enumeration
β βββ Certificate Authorities
β βββ Vulnerable Templates
β βββ Enrollment Rights
β βββ ESC Paths
β
βββ 1.13 BloodHound Enumeration
βββ Collection Methods
βββ OPSEC Collection
βββ Path Analysis
βββ Attack Path Prioritization
2. Initial Foothold
β
βββ 2.1 Password Spraying
βββ 2.2 Credential Stuffing
βββ 2.3 Default Credentials
βββ 2.4 VPN Access
βββ 2.5 RDP Access
βββ 2.6 WinRM Access
βββ 2.7 MSSQL Access
βββ 2.8 SMB Access
βββ 2.9 Webshell Pivoting
βββ 2.10 Phishing
3. Credential Access
β
βββ 3.1 Kerberoasting
βββ 3.2 AS-REP Roasting
βββ 3.3 DCSync
βββ 3.4 LSASS Dumping
βββ 3.5 SAM Extraction
βββ 3.6 DPAPI Abuse
βββ 3.7 NTDS Extraction
βββ 3.8 Cached Credentials
βββ 3.9 Token Impersonation
βββ 3.10 Pass-the-Hash
βββ 3.11 Pass-the-Ticket
βββ 3.12 Overpass-the-Hash
βββ 3.13 Secrets Discovery
4. Local Privilege Escalation
β
βββ 4.1 Service Misconfigurations
βββ 4.2 Unquoted Service Paths
βββ 4.3 DLL Hijacking
βββ 4.4 Scheduled Tasks
βββ 4.5 AlwaysInstallElevated
βββ 4.6 SeImpersonatePrivilege
βββ 4.7 Driver Exploitation
βββ 4.8 Weak Registry Permissions
βββ 4.9 Credential Reuse
βββ 4.10 UAC Bypass
5. Lateral Movement
β
βββ 5.1 PsExec
βββ 5.2 SMBExec
βββ 5.3 WMI
βββ 5.4 WinRM
βββ 5.5 RDP
βββ 5.6 DCOM
βββ 5.7 Scheduled Tasks
βββ 5.8 Remote Services
βββ 5.9 MSSQL Pivoting
βββ 5.10 SOCKS / Proxy Pivoting
6. Active Directory Privilege Escalation
β
βββ 6.1 GenericAll Abuse
βββ 6.2 GenericWrite Abuse
βββ 6.3 WriteDACL Abuse
βββ 6.4 WriteOwner Abuse
βββ 6.5 ForceChangePassword
βββ 6.6 Shadow Credentials
βββ 6.7 RBCD
βββ 6.8 Constrained Delegation
βββ 6.9 Unconstrained Delegation
βββ 6.10 Resource-Based Delegation
βββ 6.11 GPO Abuse
βββ 6.12 AdminSDHolder
βββ 6.13 SIDHistory Abuse
βββ 6.14 ExtraSIDs
βββ 6.15 Exchange Abuse
βββ 6.16 SCCM Abuse
βββ 6.17 DNSAdmins Abuse
7. Domain Dominance
β
βββ 7.1 DCSync
βββ 7.2 DCShadow
βββ 7.3 Golden Tickets
βββ 7.4 Silver Tickets
βββ 7.5 Skeleton Key
βββ 7.6 KRBTGT Extraction
βββ 7.7 NTDS.dit Extraction
βββ 7.8 Forest Compromise
8. ADCS Attacks
β
βββ 8.1 ESC1
βββ 8.2 ESC2
βββ 8.3 ESC3
βββ 8.4 ESC4
βββ 8.5 ESC6
βββ 8.6 ESC8
βββ 8.7 Golden Certificates
βββ 8.8 Certificate Persistence
βββ 8.9 NTLM Relay to ADCS
βββ 8.10 Enrollment Agent Abuse
9. Persistence
β
βββ 9.1 Golden Tickets
βββ 9.2 Silver Tickets
βββ 9.3 Shadow Credentials
βββ 9.4 Malicious GPOs
βββ 9.5 Startup Scripts
βββ 9.6 Scheduled Tasks
βββ 9.7 Service Persistence
βββ 9.8 WMI Event Subscription
βββ 9.9 AdminSDHolder Backdoor
βββ 9.10 Skeleton Key
10. Defense Evasion
β
βββ 10.1 AMSI Bypass
βββ 10.2 ETW Bypass
βββ 10.3 PowerShell Obfuscation
βββ 10.4 In-Memory Execution
βββ 10.5 LOLBAS
βββ 10.6 AV Evasion
βββ 10.7 EDR Evasion
βββ 10.8 Traffic Shaping
βββ 10.9 Living Off The Land
11. Command and Control
β
βββ 11.1 Sliver
βββ 11.2 Cobalt Strike
βββ 11.3 Mythic
βββ 11.4 Havoc
βββ 11.5 SOCKS Proxies
βββ 11.6 Redirectors
βββ 11.7 Malleable Profiles
βββ 11.8 Named Pipe Pivoting
12. MSSQL Attacks
β
βββ 12.1 MSSQL Enumeration
βββ 12.2 xp_cmdshell
βββ 12.3 Linked Servers
βββ 12.4 UNC Path Injection
βββ 12.5 Service Account Abuse
βββ 12.6 MSSQL Lateral Movement
13. Linux to AD
β
βββ 13.1 SMB Enumeration
βββ 13.2 LDAP Enumeration
βββ 13.3 Kerberos Enumeration
βββ 13.4 BloodHound from Linux
βββ 13.5 Impacket Toolkit
βββ 13.6 NTLM Relay
14. Cloud / Hybrid AD
β
βββ 14.1 Entra ID Enumeration
βββ 14.2 AAD Connect
βββ 14.3 PTA Abuse
βββ 14.4 Cloud Sync Abuse
βββ 14.5 Hybrid Escalation
βββ 14.6 Token Abuse
15. OPSEC
β
βββ 15.1 BloodHound OPSEC
βββ 15.2 Kerberoasting OPSEC
βββ 15.3 PowerShell Logging
βββ 15.4 Defender Detections
βββ 15.5 Event IDs
βββ 15.6 LSASS Protection
βββ 15.7 Beacon Placement
βββ 15.8 Network Visibility
16. Attack Paths
β
βββ 16.1 Low Priv User β DA
βββ 16.2 MSSQL β DA
βββ 16.3 GenericWrite β DA
βββ 16.4 ADCS β DA
βββ 16.5 Local Admin β DA
βββ 16.6 Delegation β DA
βββ 16.7 NTLM Relay β DA
βββ 16.8 Multi-Forest Compromise
17. Tooling
β
βββ 17.1 PowerView
βββ 17.2 BloodHound
βββ 17.3 SharpHound
βββ 17.4 Rubeus
βββ 17.5 Certipy
βββ 17.6 Impacket
βββ 17.7 NetExec
βββ 17.8 Mimikatz
βββ 17.9 Seatbelt
βββ 17.10 Sliver
βββ 17.11 CrackMapExec
18. Cheat Sheets
β
βββ 18.1 PowerShell
βββ 18.2 Linux Commands
βββ 18.3 Impacket Cheatsheet
βββ 18.4 Kerberos Cheatsheet
βββ 18.5 ADCS Cheatsheet
βββ 18.6 BloodHound Queries
βββ 18.7 One-Liners